Airflow Tips for Indoor Pools and Natatoriums

Natatoriums and aquatic centers pose unique challenges for HVACD systems, requiring them to effectively manage temperature, humidity, and pressure to ensure optimal indoor air quality for swimmers and protect the building and its equipment. The design of these systems involves considerations such as the speed and location of airflow, ductwork configuration, and choice of construction materials, with the option to use either fabric duct or metal based on individual preferences.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has designated the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) as the primary organization for setting standards in HVAC duct design and construction. SMACNA's standards, specifically the HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible, provide guidelines for duct construction, installation, indoor air quality, and energy recovery, recommended for use by design professionals and HVAC systems duct design.

To achieve proper air distribution in natatoriums, supply air ductwork is designed to form a "U" shape around three sides of the pool. This configuration allows for airflow to wash across windows and outside walls with dry supply air, raising the inside surface temperature and reducing the risk of condensation on cold surfaces. Compliance with SMACNA design standards or guidelines from fabric duct manufacturers ensures efficient duct size and dimensions.

For effective ventilation, HVAC engineers position return air and exhaust air grilles on the fourth side or wall of natatoriums. Placing high and medium height grilles optimizes the recovery of warm, humid air, with high returns near the ceiling to prevent obstruction by pool furniture and spectator stands. This strategic layout, combining the "U" shaped supply air and fourth wall return air, facilitates a source capture exhaust air technique for enhanced air quality management.

For additional tips and industry best practices, check out our 21st century indoor pool HVAC system design guide.